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According to the research, damage was present in greater than half of those who reported myopathy (muscle pain).

Dr. Ray’s Notes:
Muscle pain and weakness is a common side effect of statin medications and should be taken seriously. Although severe muscle damage is rare, it appears that a mild-moderate muscle injury is much more common and can persist for years after stopping the statin medication. To decrease the risk of muscle damage associated with statins, I recommend that those who take statin medication take 100 mg of Ubiquinol twice daily. Ubiquinol is an activated form of coenzyme Q10 and may be better absorbed and utilized. It is also recommended that those who take statins also supplement with a potent multi-vitamin and fish oil.

By blocking this enzyme, the medication decreases the body’s internal production of cholesterol. Unfortunately, a well known and fairly common side effect is muscle pain and weakness that can often be debilitating. In addition to blocking the production of cholesterol, it is well known that these medications also block the production of important nutrients such as coenzyme Q10. We have known that a deficiency of coenzyme Q10 can lead to muscle pain and that supplementation can help to reverse this side effect. A recent study sheds light on another nutrient that is closely linked to muscle pain, vitamin D. We have known that vitamin D deficiency can cause both pain and weakness in the muscles, however, research had not linked vitamin D deficiency to muscle pain induced by cholesterol lowering medications…until now.

In a study of 621 patients who were prescribed statin medications, it was found that those who suffered with the muscle pain were significantly deficient in vitamin D. When the patients who suffered with muscle pain were supplemented with vitamin D, 92% of the patients saw resolution of their pain symptoms.
(Transl Res, 2009; 153(1): 11-6)

Dr. Ray’s Notes:

We have always known about statin’s impact on coenzyme Q10 levels and we commonly recommend coenzyme Q10 supplementation in those who take a statin medication. This study, may explain why some people continue to have pain even after supplementation with high doses of coenzyme Q10 and I am now beginning to recommend vitamin D supplementation for those who are taking statins. This makes perfect sense given the fact that your body produces vitamin D from, you guessed it, cholesterol. When cholesterol drops, it makes good sense that vitamin D levels may drop as well. In this study, the participants were placed on the prescription vitamin D at a dose of 50,000 iu weekly. I would recommend using a natural form of vitamin D on a daily basis rather than a synthetic form in high dose once weekly. For the general population I recommend 2,000 iu daily. If your blood is significantly deficient, you may require higher doses. Have your doctor order a blood test for 25-OH vitamin D with your next cholesterol test and to learn more about vitamin D, read our article 15 Facts You Must Know About Vitamin D.

Have you ever stopped to wonder who taught a monkey what to eat? I realize that you are here to learn about the benefits of potassium, bare with me a moment, I promise I will give you the answer. for now,, back to the monkey question, it will all make sense in a second…

I am willing to bet that you’ve never given it much thought because, admittedly, the question is quite ridiculous. Monkeys just seem to know what to eat. Through this mysterious force we call “instinct”, most animals exit the womb and just know exactly what to put in their mouths.

Although humans are more than animals, we do have instincts, like our monkey ancestors.

In recent years scientists have been trying to understand what man consumed when we didn’t have government agencies to tell us what to eat. During this time, approximately 50,000 to 100,000 years ago, Paleolithic man was comprised of hunters and gatherers who consumed a diet motivated by instinct. Then approximately 10,000 years ago began the Neolithic Revolution.

The Grand Mistake

During this new age of human development; we adopted more of an agriculture and animal husbandry practice. I imagine this is about the time when those nasty little creatures called “food scientists” came into existence. A “food scientist” is someone who thinks they can make food better, tastier, and more nutritious than nature.

Although the study of the Paleolithic lifestyle is quite complex, it doesn’t take a rocket scientist to figure out what kinds of foods our ancestors consumed. It’s no surprise to see that most experts in the area of Paleolithic eating suspect that these people consumed primarily fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and some wild game. If you’re reading this list and feel that this is common sense, that “knowing” that you are experiencing is the remnant of your Paleolithic instinct.

Our abandonment of the Paleolithic way has resulted in a number of harmful and even life-threatening nutrient deficiencies…

Potassium Deficiency and the Benefits of Potassium

One nutrient that many scientists believe was much more abundant in our diet during Paleolithic times was potassium.

The Stone Age humans likely consume approximately 15 grams of potassium on a daily basis. Compare that to the recommended daily allowance of 4.7 grams per day. A ridiculously low level, I may add, that most of us never achieve.

In addition to a deficiency of potassium, the average American consumes a large excess of sodium. The sodium to potassium ratio is important for proper function of the body; when this ratio gets imbalanced the body suffers. Our Stone Age ancestors only consumed less than a gram of sodium (0.6 g) and it is estimated that the average American now consumes approximately 3.5 g of sodium and an embarrassing 2.8 g of potassium.

Why Should We Be Concerned With Our Sodium/Potassium Balance?

The balance of sodium and potassium is crucial for the function many cellular systems; some signs of potassium deficiency include:

1. Fatigue
2. Heart arrhythmias
3. Heart failure
4. Muscle weakness
5. Constipation
6. Delayed emptying of the stomach

Isn’t Potassium Dangerous?

Contrary to popular belief, potassium is a safe nutrient when taken properly. In healthy adults without heart or kidney problems, daily potassium intake should not exceed 8 grams.

If you suffer with kidney and/or heart disease, or you are on certain medications for blood pressure, potassium toxicity can occur at lower dose. For this latter group, ask your doctor before taking potassium supplements.

When supplementing with potassium, you must take into account how much potassium you are taking in through diet. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, legumes are all good sources of potassium. It is possible to get sufficient potassium levels from your diet, however, it requires discipline and a hefty appetite for fruits and vegetables.

For the rest of us, supplementation may be required in order to achieve healthy potassium levels.

Who’s At Risk of Potassium Deficiency?

Before we get into the benefits of potassium, let’s talk about the risks of potassium deficiency.

It is important to realize that certain lifestyle habits, medications, and conditions can lead to an increased risk of potassium deficiency, these include:

1. The use of diuretics
2. Diarrhea or vomiting
3. Chronic dieting
4. Chronic kidney failure
5. Magnesium deficiency
6. Strenuous exercise

Keep these variables in mind when considering supplementation. See our Daily Potassium Requirements for Optimal Health for more information on supplementing with potassium.

What Are the Benefits of Potassium?

Potassium is essential for regulating fluid balance, acidity within the body, blood pressure, and muscle function. There are numerous outward benefits of supplementing with potassium, including:

1. Lowering blood pressure – An analysis of 33 published studies have demonstrated potassium supplementation to be of benefit in people who suffer with hypertension. The effective dose used in the research was 2,400 mg daily. (JAMA 1997;277:1624–32
2. Protection from Cardiac Arrhythmias – Studies show that people with low potassium levels are at a heightened risk of arrhythmia. Supplementation with 1,000 mg of potassium was shown to decrease the risk of arrhythmias in people who were prescribed a potassium-depleting blood pressure medication called hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). (Int J Cardiol 1989;25:93–8)
3. Prolonged life and Improved Quality of life – One study demonstrated that men who consumed high levels of potassium had a longer life. More importantly, those with higher potassium intake enjoyed an improved quality of life. See the article: Potassium for a Longer and Healthier Life – Benefits of Potassium for Seniors
4. Improved energy – Electrolytes, such as potassium, can allow the body to manufacture needed energy. Potassium deficiency can cause physical and mental exhaustion.
5. End to muscle cramps and charlie horses – Potassium deficiency can promote muscle cramps, as can calcium or magnesium deficiency.

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Low testosterone is a problem for many people; even when symptoms are not noticed, a low testosterone level can promote a number of diseases. When levels drop significantly, symptoms may develop. It is not uncommon for low testosterone to go undiagnosed until a severe deficiency develops. Although both sexes require testosterone, women have much lower levels and the effects of low testosterone are more pronounced in men.

The Some of those symptoms include:

1.An inability to build muscle
2.Loss of muscle mass
3.Low libido or impotence
4.Heart disease
5.Obesity
6.Diabetes
7.Osteoporosis
8.Depression

Some of these symptoms may not be recognized immediately. A drop in muscle mass or libido may be attributed to the aging process, not realizing that testosterone levels have dropped below the normal range of 300 nanograms per deciliter. Unlike women’s menopause, men’s hormones tend to drop gradually over a number of years so the symptoms are also gradual. The symptoms of low testosterone cannot be assumed to indicate that testosterone levels have dropped below normal. Blood or saliva tests are necessary to determine actual levels.

There are many reasons for testosterone levels to drop aside from the natural aging process. These include:

1.Alcohol
2.Eating beef with hormones
3.Exposure to pesticides in large amounts
4.Drinking from plastic bottles & heating food in plastic

How Lifestyle Impacts Testosterone
Lifestyle changes can have a positive effect on testosterone. The most important factors that promote a healthy testosterone level include:

1.Proper sleep is beneficial for both testosterone and human growth hormone levels. Aim for 7-8 hours every night.

2.Proper diet including adequate protein and fat. It is a little known fact that a low-fat diet can result in a testosterone deficiency. Never decrease fat intake below 20% of your caloric intake.

3.Resistance Training – Lifting weights helps to build and protect your muscle while stimulating the production of testosterone and growth hormone.

Standard Treatment for Low Testosterone

The standard treatment for low testosterone is hormone replacement with bio-identical hormones. There are potential risks to this treatment as there is with any hormone replacement therapy. The degree of benefit varies from person to person. About 10% see little to no improvement in their symptoms, 90% see some improvement and approximately 1% see significant benefit. There are some other options that can be used as an alternative to hormone replacement. There are specific contraindications to testosterone therapy such as having prostate cancer, prostate hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, sleep apnea and high red blood cell count. Generally speaking, bio-identical testosterone treatment can be a safe and effective means of increasing testosterone levels, when not contraindicated.

Supplements for Increasing Testosterone

DHEA is a precursor to testosterone and can be taken in supplement form. It is not uncommon for people to have a deficiency of this important building block; correcting the DHEA deficiency can sometimes allow the body to resume production of testosterone. A standard starting dose is 25 mg, however, it is recommended that you have a blood test for DHEA-S in order to properly dose and monitor its effects.

A comprehensive formula, known as Night Gain by Natura Health Products contains a number of products to balance the testosterone levels. This formula contains L-Arginine, which assists in the natural production of testosterone. DIM and Chrysin which helps to prevent the testosterone from being converted into estrogen (a problem for older men). Three powerful herbs that help to stimulate the production of testosterone: Longifolia jack, Tribulus terrestris and Macuna pruriens. For best results, take 3 capsules before bed and 3 capsules in the morning.

Protecting the Prostate During Testosterone Replacement

As testosterone levels normalize, the body may inadvertently produce more of a compound called Dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is a more potent form of testosterone the can promote prostate enlargement. It is recommended that men on testosterone replacement therapy take a comprehensive prostate formula to prevent the DHT from triggering prostate growth. I recommend Ultra Natural Prostate , by Life Extension Foundation, 1 capsule twice daily. A suitable alternative is New Chapter’s Prostate 5-LX formula.

Article Written by: Ray Hinish, Pharm.D.,CN,C.P.T.

Fibrinogen is a protein that is produced by the body and plays a very important role in the process of clotting. When there is damage to a tissue, for instance if you cut your finger, the fibrinogen acts to form the scaffolding on which the clot can form.

As you can see, this is a very important process and fibrinogen is an important player in keeping you from bleeding to death during injury.

So far so good, so why are we talking about fibrinogen?

Fibrinogen – The Jekyll and Hyde of the body

Fibrinogen apparently has a dark side as well. As with most compounds produced by the body, when they get out of balance they become potentially harmful and fibrinogen is no different. Because fibrinogen acts as a precursor to clots, you can imagine that if fibrinogen levels rise it can lead to abnormal clots such as deep vein thrombosis, heart attack and stroke. In addition, having a chronically elevated fibrinogen has been linked with plaque formation in the arteries and thus becomes a major risk factor in the development of heart disease. Fibrinogen can also impede normal blood blow by thickening the blood, thus making it difficult for oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to vital organs and muscles. This poor blood flow can cause fatigue, muscle pain and even memory loss.

You can see how an elevation in fibrinogen can lead to chronic health problems that ultimately decrease the quality of our lives. So what can be done about elevated fibrinogen?

How to Normalize Fibrinogen

First, have your doctor test your blood to determine if your fibrinogen levels are too high. Research suggests that fibrinogen levels should remain between 200 and 300 mg/dl, even though the blood test may list a much higher range as “normal”.

Now that we know that your fibrinogen levels are elevated, we recommend the following lifestyle and supplement change

1. Control blood sugar. Diabetics are at a much higher risk of heart attack and stroke. This increased risk occurs for many reasons, however, higher fibrinogens are likely one reason. Controlling blood sugar can have a significant impact on fibrinogen levels.
2. Exercise. Regular exercise can help to promote better blood flow while decreasing the amount of fibrinogen that is circulating through the system.
3. Adding olive oil to your diet has been shown to lower fibrinogen levels in people who have elevated levels.
4. Supplement with omega-3 fatty acids, specifically fish oil. The omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil have been shown to decrease the risk of heart attack. In addition, fish oil decreases triglycerides, stickiness of blood cells and…you guessed it, fibrinogen levels! For best results we recommend that you take enough fish oil to provide 1000 mg of EPA and DHA. A good recommendation would be WholeMega by New Chapter 2 capsules twice daily.
5. Normalize homocysteine. Homocysteine is a byproduct of protein metabolism that has been linked to heart disease. Your doctor can order a simple blood test to assess homocysteine levels. Elevated homocysteine prevents the body from breaking down fibrinogen and thus can lead to an increase in blood fibrinogen. If they are high then you will want to take supplements containing certain vitamins and nutrients such as B12, folic acid, B6 and trimethylglycine (TMG). One such product that combines all of these nutrients is called Homocysteine Factors by Pure Encapsulations.
6. Vitamin C can help to keep fibrinogen levels in check. It appears that you must take at least 2,000 mg of vitamin C daily in order to lower fibrinogen levels significantly. If you have high fibrinogen levels, you may want to take 1,000 mg of Pureway vitamin C from Your Prescription for Health, twice daily.